Economic substance is the real presence (people, premises and decisions taken in Switzerland) that lets a Swiss company keep its tax position, its treaty access and, since 2024, its standing under the OECD global minimum tax. Pillar Two sets a 15% minimum effective rate for groups with consolidated revenue of at least EUR 750 million. Switzerland brought in its domestic top-up tax (QDMTT) on 1 January 2024 and an income inclusion rule on 1 January 2025.
The combination changed the calculus. A low cantonal headline rate no longer shields a large group, because the shortfall to 15% is collected regardless; what survives the calculation is genuine activity, rewarded through the substance-based carve-out. The guides below explain what substance means in practice, how Pillar Two works in Switzerland, and what a special-purpose vehicle needs to be respected rather than looked through.