FINMA authorisation, SRO membership and the FinIA licence categories, with the substance, capital and fit-and-proper tests each approval actually requires.
FINMA, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority, decides who may carry on a regulated financial activity in Switzerland and under what conditions. Two routes account for most projects. A prudential licence (a bank, a securities firm, a fund management company, or a portfolio-manager or trustee licence under the Financial Institutions Act, FinIA) is granted and supervised by FINMA itself. An anti-money-laundering affiliation with a recognised self-regulatory organisation is the lighter route for intermediaries that handle client money without crossing the prudential threshold.
Which gate applies turns on what the business does, not what it is called, and getting that wrong is the most expensive mistake in Swiss financial licensing. The guides here work through the licence categories, the authorisation process and its timeline, and the point where the SRO route ends and a FINMA licence begins. Financial regulation has been the Firm's core focus since 2014.
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It turns on the activity, not on what the business calls itself. A prudential licence from FINMA is required for banking, securities trading, fund management, and for portfolio managers and trustees under the Financial Institutions Act. An intermediary that handles client assets without crossing the prudential threshold affiliates with a FINMA-recognised self-regulatory organisation instead.
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What does FINMA look at in an authorisation file?
The perimeter of the activity, the organisation and governance behind it, capital and own-funds adequacy, and the people. FINMA assesses whether those who direct and control the institution offer a guarantee of irreproachable business conduct, which covers qualifications, track record and any disqualifying history.
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Can the licence category be changed after filing?
It can, but it is the expensive way to get there. An application filed under the wrong category rarely survives the first supervisory round, and reworking the perimeter mid-process restarts much of the dialogue. Settling the category before drafting is the single decision that most affects the timetable.
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